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What is bioterrorism?
The intentional or threatened use of viruses, bacteria, fungi or toxins from living organisms to produce death or disease in humans, animals or plants.

How likely is a bioterrorism attack in our area?
The likelihood of a large- scale bioterrorist event is currently thought to be low, given the level of technical sophistication required to develop a weapon to disperse the biological weapon in the manner necessary to infect massive numbers of people. However, since the events of September 11, 2001, which too was thought to be of low probability, the Public Health Department, together with local emergency management agencies and state officials, is focusing its efforts on improving the ability to respond to such an event, should it occur.

What can be done to protect my family and myself against bioterrorism?
Prepare as you would for any emergency (i.e. flood, winter storm or earthquake), including ensuring that you have a portable battery powered radio, flashlight, ample supply of batteries and several days supply of non perishable food, water, and clothes for all family members. Develop a communication plan, to be able to contact all family members if something happens while your family members are separated because of school and work. For more details on what to do, to protect yourself and family members, please visit: American Red Cross – “Terrorism: Planning for the Unexpected” And
Ready.Gov – From the Department of Homeland Defense.

How prepared are St. Joseph and the rest of Buchanan County for a bioterrorism attack?
St. Joseph and Buchanan County have emergency response plans in place to deal with hazardous chemical or biological events, as well as other disasters and are currently working to strengthen these plans. These plans involve the coordination of multiple agencies involved in law enforcement, public health, fire, emergency medical services and disaster response. For example, Public Health has developed systems for rapid detection and investigation of disease outbreaks that could be the first indication of a biological attack. Early detection will be very important, so that persons at risk can be identified and managed appropriately.

How safe is our water?
The United States public water supply system is one of the safest in the world. The general public should continue to drink and use water just as they would under normal conditions. Your local water treatment supplier and local governments are on the alert for any unusual activity and will notify you immediately in the event of any public health threat. At this point, we have no reason to believe that additional measures need to be taken.

Should I buy a Gas Mask?
No. The use of gas masks during a chemical or biological attack is not recommended due to legitimate safety concerns. The lack of training and improper use of masks, filters and hoods, as well as a false sense of security as to their effectiveness, could pose a threat to public safety. Without the proper training and equipment, you could be putting yourself at greater risk. There is at least one, recent documented instance where improper use of a gas mask lead to civilian deaths.

What are some of the diseases associated with bioterrorism?
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have listed a group of diseases that are of highest concern. This “Category A” list includes the biological agents that cause anthrax, plague, smallpox, botulism, tularemia and the viral hemorrhagic fevers such as Ebola.

What is smallpox?
Smallpox is a serious, contagious and often fatal infectious disease caused by variola virus. There currently is no specific treatment for smallpox disease, and the only prevention is vaccination. Patients with smallpox can benefit from supportive therapy (e.g., intravenous fluids, medicine to control fever or pain) and antibiotics for any secondary bacterial infections that may occur.

Can I get the smallpox vaccine?
Currently, the vaccine is not available to the general public. Right now, as a precautionary measure, the vaccine will be available to members of emergency response and investigative teams. However in the event of a smallpox outbreak, the vaccine will be offered to everyone